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Women Economic Writers in the History of Economic Thought by Edith Kuiper

Women have been invisible both as authors and as subjects of study in the field of political economy (later economics). The fact that women were barred from education (including, later on, higher and university education) and in the early twentieth century from academic jobs in economics played an important role here. But as early as the beginning...

Classical Political Economy by Christian Gehrke

This essay provides a summary account of classical political economy and its development from the late 17th to the early 18th centuries. It outlines basic features of the classical approach to the theory of value and distribution, and...

Early Modern Political Philosophers and the Shaping of Political Economy by Sergio Cremaschi

In the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the paradigm of a new science, political economy, was established. It was a science distinct from the Aristotelian sub-disciplines of practical philosophy...

Economic Sociology by Philippe Steiner

Economic Sociology is the study of economic activity in relation to various dimensions of social life, such as framily, gender, morals, law and politics. This approach rejects the idea that political economy is a separate science. From the beginning to the present...

Marginalist (or neoclassical) Economics by Arrigo Opocher

Marginalist economics is foremost an application of differential calculus to major problems of rational economic choice. Some clear marginalist ideas were put forward since the early decades of the nineteenth century. A first proper wave of marginalism occured in...